Discrimination between Japanese and Chinese Products using trace elements concentration of kernel in pickled Japanese apricot

pp. 875–880

The trace-element composition of kernel in pickled Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) was determined using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer in order to distinguish between Japanese products and Chinese products.

Strontium and barium concentrations in the kernels of Chinese products were 10 or more times those of the Japanese ones. When based on 8.0 mg kg^?1 of strontium concentration in kernel, 93.2% of sample was distinguished as Japanese products or Chinese ones.

Applying principal component analysis using 9 elements (Mn, Zn, Fe, Ni, Ba, Sr, Cu, Co, Cr), the pickled Japanese apricots tend to separate into two countries. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) using 9 elements allowed a reasonable classification of pickled Japanese apricots according to the country of production.

The result of the analysis of K-nearest neighbors (KNN) was better than that of LDA.     

琼中县特色产业发展现状及对策

结合琼中县地理位置、气候条件等地域状况，阐述琼中县11种主要农业产业发展的现状及其产业特点，简要介绍各乡镇自主发展的特色产业情况。针对琼中县农业产业发展状况，提出巩固与提升绿色农业、着力建设琼中农业产业品牌的建议。     

Invasive black spiny‐tailed iguanas (Ctenosaura similis) on Gasparilla Island,Florida, USA

The native range of Ctenosaura similis extends from southern Mexico through Panama. From an initial introduction of 3 animals in 1979, the species now numbers in the thousands on Gasparilla Island in southwest Florida. In response to complaints of property damage from residents and threats to native species, local officials and the US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services began a removal program in 2008. Through 2011, trappers removed 9467 ctenosaurs. The number removed declined from 32 iguanas/day in 2008 to 1.9 iguanas/day in 2011 despite no easing of the control effort. We necropsied 2757 ctenosaurs to document aspects of their natural history. Females outnumbered males overall, although the largest size class (>300 mm snout–vent length) included 32 males and just 2 females. Reproduction was seasonal. We found oviducal eggs in females from early Apr to early Jun, approximately 2 months later than C. similis in its native range. We trapped hatchlings from late Jul to early Oct coincident with the summer rainy season. Clutch size increased with female body size, with 62 being the largest clutch size recorded. In general, the biology of the invasive population on Gasparilla Island resembles native C. similis populations in Central America, except for the lack of large individuals. We suggest that shorter day length and colder temperatures create environmental conditions that are suboptimal for individual growth compared to those in the native range.     

北京农产品地理标志认知的实证分析

基于消费者对北京农产品地理标志认知情况的实际调查,分析消费者对北京农产品地理标志的认知现状及原因。研究表明,北京农产品地理标志存在认知相对较低、宣传力度不够和品质独特性较低等问题,提出提升北京农产品地理标志认知水平的政策建议。     

Cortical monoterpene variation in natural populations of Pinus sylvestris in Sweden

Cortical oleoresins were obtained from 10 natural populations of Pinus sylvestris L. from different geographical localities. Gas chromatography was used to determine quantities of individual monoterpenes. Considerable variation was found in monoterpene composition among different populations. High proportions of limonene occurred in greater percentages in trees of northern origins, while high sabinene was frequently found in southern trees. Mean proportions of limonene and sabinene in the populations were clinal with latitude. For some monoterpenes, variation coefficients as a measure of variability within populations appeared to be clinal with latitude. 85.4% of the variance in monoterpene composition was found within populations and 14.6 between populations. Discriminant analysis differentiates populations from different geographical localities into different groups. The differences in monoterpene patterns between adjacent populations were statistically nonsignificant. It is recommended that monoterpene composition be used for more general study of genetic variation, geographical distinction between different populations and seed certification purposes.     

Effect of Temperature on the Induction of Bud Dormancy in Ecotypes of Betula pubescens and Betula pendula

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of temperature applied during short day-induced budset on induction of dormancy in six ecotypes of Betula pubescens Ehrh. and two ecotypes of Betula pendula Roth. Seedlings were grown in a phytotron at constant temperatures of 9–21°C under a 12 h photoperiod (SD) during dormancy induction. Induction of dormancy was monitored by following bud flushing and shoot growth after transfer to long photoperiod conditions (24 h) at 18°C. Chilling requirement was studied in seedlings exposed to 10 weeks of SD. In both species induction of bud dormancy developed most rapidly at 15–18°C, and both 9–12°C and 21°C delayed the induction of dormancy. Raising the temperature (from 9 to 21°C) applied during induction of dormancy significantly increased the chilling requirement. These responses were noted for all ecotypes tested, but in general the northern ecotypes entered dormancy more quickly than the southern ones. No such trend was recorded for chilling requirement, although a B. pubescens ecotype from Iceland and another from the coast of northern Norway appeared to require a longer chilling treatment than the other ecotypes. In conclusion, induction and depth of bud dormancy in birch are significantly affected by temperature conditions and these effects may explain some of the annual variation in dormancy and chilling requirement observed in nature.     

论人口、环境与可持续发展

运用社会生态学、经济伦理学和人口经济学等跨学科研究方法 ,揭示了人口环境系统的特征、动因及其容量。描述了人口对环境的压力和环境对人口的威胁。预测了全球与中国面临的人口环境挑战。     

于田县土地资源承载力及农业生产发展战略的初步研究

于田县位于塔里木盆地南部,它属于暖温带干旱区,其生态系统极为脆弱,随着人口的增长和生产规模的扩大,人类活动势必对环境产生十分深刻的影响,对环境的压力也会与日俱增,因此,迫切需要研究和了解自然资源的数量和质量,确定农业生产的发展规模,资源的生产潜力,协调资源,环境,人口的关系。